Royal Farlowella Catfish (Sturisoma panamense) 4cm

Royal Farlowella Catfish (Sturisoma panamense), also known as the Royal Whiptail Catfish, is a peaceful and elegant bottom-dweller prized for its unique appearance and algae-eating habits. 

---

Species Overview

• Scientific Name: Sturisoma panamense
• Common Names: Royal Whiptail Catfish, Twig Catfish, Stick Catfish, Helicopter Pleco
• Size: 6–10 inches (15–25 cm)
• Lifespan: Up to 10 years
• Temperament: Peaceful, ideal for community tanks
• Origin: Fast-flowing rivers in Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador

---

Tank Requirements

• Minimum Tank Size: 30 gallons
• Substrate: Sand or smooth gravel
• Decor: Driftwood, rocks, and live plants for hiding and grazing
• Filtration: Strong filtration with gentle flow; sponge pre-filter recommended
• Aeration: High oxygenation is essential

---

Water Parameters

• Temperature: 72–79°F (22–26°C)
• pH: 6.5–7.5
• Hardness: 4–10 dGH
• Nitrates: Keep below 40 ppm

---

Diet

• Primary Diet: Mostly herbivorous
  • Algae
  • Biofilm (aufwuchs)
  • Blanched vegetables (zucchini, spinach)
• Supplemental Foods: Algae wafers, spirulina, occasional protein (bloodworms, brine shrimp)

---

Breeding

• Difficulty: Moderate
• Sexual Dimorphism:
  • Males have longer dorsal fins and whisker-like protrusions on the head
• Breeding Setup:
  • Clean, stable water
  • Flat surfaces for egg-laying
  • Gentle flow and high oxygen levels

---

Tankmates

• Best with peaceful species like:
  • Tetras
  • Corydoras
  • Otocinclus
  • Shrimp (though shrimplets may be at risk)
• Avoid aggressive or overly active fish that compete for food

---

Behavior & Traits

• Activity: Mostly nocturnal but can be active during the day with proper setup
• Camouflage: Mimics driftwood; excellent at blending in
• Social Structure: Best kept in small groups (3–5), with more females than males